Original weapon Indonesia

Keris







 Keris spread to the community residents are never affected by the Majapahit, such as Java, Madura, East Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra, Kalimantan coast, most of Sulawesi, Malay peninsula, southern Thailand and southern Philippines (Mindanao).

Keris is a stabbing weapon unique to Indonesia. Based on ancient documents, a dagger in the initial form has been used since the 9th century. Strong likelihood that the dagger has been used before that time. Minister Kebudyaan Indonesia, Jero Wacik has brought a dagger into UNESCO and requesting assurance that this is Indonesia's cultural heritage.
Kris has a variety of forms, for example, there are winding blade (always berbilang odd) and some are straight bladed. Javanese people assume different forms have different effects esoteri.
Besides being used as a weapon, a dagger is also often considered to have supernatural powers. These weapons are often cited in a variety of traditional legends, like a dagger in the legend Mpu Gandring Ken Arok and Ken Dedes.
Procedures for the use of different keris in each region. In areas such as Javanese and Sundanese, a dagger was placed on the back of the waist in peacetime but is placed in front in the war. Meanwhile, in Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, a dagger was placed in front.



Legendary keris

     Keris Mpu Gandring
     Kris Heritage Satan Kober
     Keris Kyai Sengkelat
     Inten kris Belt Heritage Nagasasra
     Keris Kyai Carubuk
     Keris Kyai Lean Mix
     Taming Sari Keris
     Keris Si Ginje

Kujang



Discourse and Culture in the repertoire of the archipelago, is recognized as a traditional weapon Kujang people of West Java (Sunda) and Kujang known as the weapon that has a sacred value and have magical powers. Some researchers claim that the term Kujang derived from the root word Kudihyang Kudi and Hyang.
Kudi is taken from the ancient Sundanese, which means a weapon that has the magical power of magic, as talismans, as repellent reinforcements, such as to repel enemies or avoid hazards / diseases. These weapons are also stored as an heirloom, which is used to protect the home from danger by putting them in a crate or a specific place in the house or to put it on the bed (Hazeu, 1904: 405-406)
While Hyang be equated with the notion in some mythological god, but for the Sunda Hyang has a meaning and position in the Deity, it is reflected in the doctrine of "Dasa Prebakti" which is reflected in the text of Torment Kanda Sanghyang Karesian Ng stated "God of devotion in Hyang" .
In general, Kujang has the sense of heritage that have a certain power that comes from the gods (= Hyang), and as a weapon, from ancient to the present Kujang occupies a very special position among the people of West Java (Sunda). As an emblem or symbol with niali philosophical values ​​contained in it, Kujang used as one of the few symbols of aesthetic as well as government organizations. In addition, Kujang was also used as a name of various organizations, unity, and of course, used also by the local government of West Java Province.
In the past Kujang can not be separated from public life because of its function as a Sundanese agricultural equipment. This statement is contained in the manuscript Sanghyang Torment Kanda Karesian Ng (1518 M) and the oral tradition that developed in several areas including in the area of ​​scaffolding, Kudat. Evidence strengthens the assertion that Cleaver as farm equipment we can still see today on the Bedouins, Banten and Pancer Pangawinan in Sukabumi.
With the development progress, technological, cultural, social and economic Sunda, Kujang also experienced growth and a shift in form, function and meaning. From an agricultural equipment, Cleaver developed into an object that has its own character and tends to be a valuable weapon symbolic and sacred. Cleaver is a new form as we know it today was born estimated between the 9th century until the 12th century.

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Lattice - Lattice 2012 and Unas Unas Graduation Standards

Permendiknas No. 59/2011, POS UN 2012 dan SKL (Kisi-Kisi)

National Education Standards Agency (BSNP) officially issued Graduates Competency Standards (SKL) National Exam 2012. With the announcement of SKL (lattice) is expected to follow the school and focus more on preparing students for the National Exam 2012.

As is known, the previous government has also announced the schedule of UN 2012. The schedule is as follows:

UNAS Schedule 2012

No	EDUCATION LEVEL	TIME OF UNAS		DETERMINATION graduation
		MAIN	continuation
1	SMA / MA and SMK	16 to 19 April 2012	23 to 26 April 2012	May 24, 2012
2	SMP / MTs and SMPLB	23 to 26 April 2012	30 April to 4 May 2012	June 2, 2012
3	SD / MI AND SDLB	7 to 9 May 2012	14 to 16 May 2012	authority of the Province

>>>Please download for the needy:
Permendiknas no. 59 in 2011 about the Completion Criteria for Teachers of Students of Unit Testing and Implementation of School / Madrasah National Exam and School Year 2011/2012
Standard Operating Procedures of the National Exam SD / MI and SDLB Academic Year 2011/2012
Standard Operating Procedures of the National Exam SMP / MTs / SMPLB, SMA / MA / SMALB and SMK School Year 2011/2012
Implementation of the National Examination socialization SD / MI and SDLB, SMP / MTs, SMPLB, and SMALB, SMA / MA and SMK School Year 2011/2012 by BSNP-Kemdiknas

Please Download SKL (lattice) UN 2012:

SKL (lattice) National Examination SMP / MTs / SMPLB, SMA / MA / SMALB and SMK School Year 2011/2012

SKL (lattice) National Examination SD / MI School Year 2011/2012

Implementation of the National Exam Questions and Answers

Which will hopefully be useful for Implementing Unas!

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Sicklemia !

Sicklemia? apa itu sicklemia? Sicklemia bisa terjadi karena mutasi gen akibat kesalahan dalam translasi sewaktu pembentukan protein, yang kemudian proses itu mempengaruhi terbentuknya asam amino yang berakibat fatal pada struktur darah. sicklemia ini diwariskan keketurunan dan memungkinkan terjadinya lethal. Sicklemia tergolong dalam llethal resesif.

Dalam sintesis protein dapat terjadi kesalahan dalam menerjemahkan kode-kode yang diterima dari DNA. Jika terjadi kesalahan penerjemahan, akibatnya protein yang disusun juga keliru sehingga enzim yang dihasilkan juga salah. Jika hal ini terjadi, maka metabolisme akan terganggu. Misalnya, kodon GAA yang seharusnya diterjemahkan menjadi asam glutamat, tetapi oleh RNA-t dibaca GUA yang diterjemahkan menjadi valin, atau dibaca AAA yang diterjemahkan menjadi lisin. Hal ini, menyebabkan polipeptida yang dihasilkan tidak sesuai dengan perintah DNA.

Kesalahan ini berpengaruh pada proses pembentukan hemoglobin. Hemoglobin normal seharusnya mengandung asam glutamat, tetapi karena terjadi kesalahan dalam penerjemahan, hemoglobin mengandung valin atau lisin. Hal ini menyebabkan hemoglobin menghasilkan sel sabit. Sel sabit menyebabkan kelainan yang disebut siklemia. Siklemia diturunkan kepada keturunannya dan menyebabkan mutasi. Jadi, kesalahan RNA-t menafsirkan kode-kode genetik dari DNA juga merupakan salah satu mekanisme mutasi gen. Mutasi gen menyebabkan perubahan sifat yang diwariskan secara turun temurun.
Sickle Cell Anemia disebabkan karena adanya mutasi pada rantai β-globin dari hemoglobin, yang menyebabkan pertukaran asam glutamat (suatu asam amino) dengan asam amino hidrofobik valin pada posisi 6. Gen yang bertanggung jawab menyebabkan SCA merupakan gen autosom dan dapat ditemukan di kromosom nomor 11. Penggabungan dari dua subunit α-globin normal dengan dua subunit β-globin mutan membentuk hemoglobin S (HbS). Pada kondisi kadar oksigen rendah, ketidakhadiran asam amino polar pada posisi 6 dari rantai β-globin menyebabkan terbentuknya ikatan non-kovalen di hemoglobin yang menyebabkan perubahan bentuk dari sel darah merah menjadi bentuk sabit dan menurunkan elastisitasnya
Dalam Genetika Siklemia merupakan syndrom keturunan yang karakternya terpaut pada kromosom Autosom seperti albino, Thalasemia, Brachidactly dll.

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Photosynthesis and history

Photosynthesis? yes, perhaps most of his buddies already know what it photosynthesis but taukah pal how the history of the discovery of photosynthesis? Photosynthesis discovery through a long history. Some scholars have conducted research related to photosynthesis, such as Engelmann, Hill, Ingenhousz, Sachs, and Blackman. Want to know more clearly?

Research on photosynthesis through a long process undertaken by the following researchers.A. Ingenhousz

In 1770, chemist Joseph Priestley England showed that the plants release a gas needed for combustion. He demonstrated this by burning a candle in a sealed container until the flames die. Then he put a sprig of mint plant in a confined space and can sustain the flame until a few days. Though Priestley did not know what kind of gas plants removed, but what it does show that plants produce oxygen in the air.

In 1799, a British doctor named Jan Ingenhousz succeeded in proving that the process of photosynthesis produces oxygen (O2). He has been experimenting with aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata under clear glass inverted funnel that is inserted into a beaker containing water. Hydrilla verticillata when exposed to light, then there will be gas bubbles which eventually collects in the bottom of the tube. It turned out that the gas is oxygen. He also proved that light plays an important role in the process of photosynthesis and the only green plants can release oxygen.

B. Engelmann
In 1822 Engelmann was able to prove that chlorophyll is a factor that must exist in the process of photosynthesis. He conducted experiments with green algae Spirogyra which kloroplasnya coiled like a spiral-shaped bands. In these experiments it was observed that only the chloroplasts are exposed to light is the sun that release oxygen. This is evident from the number of aerobic bacteria that clustered around the chloroplasts are exposed to sunlight.

C. Sachs
In 1860, a German botanist named Julius von Sachs was able to prove that the process of photosynthesis produce starch (starch). The presence of starch can be proved by the iodine test, so the experiment Sachs is also called the iodine test.






D. Hill
Theodore de Smussure, seorang ahli kimia dan fisiologi tumbuhan dari Swiss menunjukkan bahwa air diperlukan dalam proses fotosintesis. Temuan ini diteliti lebih lanjut sehingga pada tahun 1937 seorang dokter berkebangsaan Inggris bernama Robin Hill berhasil membuktikan bahwa cahaya matahari diperlukan untuk memecah air (H2O) menjadi hydrogen (H) dan oksigen (O2). Pemecahan ini disebut fotolisis.



E. Blackman
Blackman in 1905 proved that changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) into glucose (C6H12O6) take place without the help of sunlight. This event is often referred to as the reduction of carbon dioxide. Thus the two kinds of reactions of photosynthesis, namely light reactions and dark reactions. Which is the light reaction (Hill reaction) is the photolysis, which is a dark reaction (Blackman reaction) is the reduction of carbon dioxide. The combination of the light reactions and dark reactions that we know today as the photosynthetic reaction. In 1940 Melvin Calvin and his team managed to find a sequence of reactions / processes that take place in a dark reaction. The series of reactions is repeated constantly and always called the Calvin cycle.

Organization and functions of a living cell depends on the energy supply unrelenting. The source of this energy stored in organic molecules such as carbohydrates. For practical purposes, the only source of fuel molecules are dependent upon all of life is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is one of the reactions belonging to the reaction anabolism. Photosynthesis is the process of formation of food (glucose) is made from carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis can only be done by plants and green algae that are autotrophs. That is, both are able to capture the sun's energy to synthesize organic molecules from the energy rich inorganic precursors H2O and CO2. Meanwhile, animals and humans belong to heterotrophs, which require a supply of organic compounds from the environment (plants) for animals and humans can not synthesize carbohydrates. Therefore, animal and human organism depends on autotrophs.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are organelles that contain plastids of green leaf pigment (chlorophyll). Cells containing chloroplasts found in plant leaf mesophyll, the tissue mast cells (palisade) and tissue cells of sponges (sponge). Inside the chloroplasts are chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane integral proteins. Chlorophyll can be divided into chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Is the green pigment chlorophyll a turf (grass green pigment) which is able to absorb red light and blue-purple. Chlorophyll a was very instrumental in the dark reactions of photosynthesis that are described in the next section. Chlorophyll b is a bluish-green pigment that can absorb blue light and red kejinggaan. Chlorophyll b found in many plants, green algae and some bacteria are autotrophs.
In addition to chlorophyll, the pigment in the chloroplasts also contained carotenoids, anthocyanins, and fikobilin. Carotenoids can absorb blue light turquoise and purple, and reflective red, yellow, and orange. Anthocyanins and fikobilin a red and blue pigments. Anthocyanins are found in flowers, while fikobilin are found in groups of red algae and Cyanobacteria.
Photosynthetic reaction lasted briefly as follows.
6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
A British physiological, F. F. Blackman, experiment by continuous irradiation in plants Elodea. Apparently, there are times when the rate of photosynthesis does not increase with increasing irradiation. Finally, Blackman concluded that there are at least two different processes are involved:
A reaction that requires light
Reactions that do not require light
The latter named for the dark reaction, even when things can go on the light. Blackman theorized that the intensity of light is, light reaction limit or accelerate the whole process. In other words, the dark intensity of this reaction is capable of handling all the intermediate substance produced light reaction. However, with increasing light intensity would eventually reached a point where the dark reaction takes place at maximum capacity.
This theory is reinforced by repeating the experiment at somewhat higher temperatures. As is known, most chemical reactions go faster at higher temperatures (up to a certain temperature). At 35 ° C, the rate of photosynthesis did not decline until there is a higher light intensity. This suggests that the dark reactions run faster now. Factor that in low light intensity the rate of photosynthesis was not greater at 35 ° C than at 20 ° C also support the idea that the barrier to this process is the light reaction. Light reaction is not dependent on temperature, but only depends on the intensity of irradiation. Photosynthetic rate increased as the temperature increases do not occur when CO2 supply is limited. Thus, the concentration of CO2 must be added as a third factor that regulates the rate of photosynthesis is taking place.

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on Technorati

Definitely a lot of bloggers who are not familiar with the word "Technoraty", what is technorati? Tehcnorati a blog tracker engines, he will index blogs around the world and their place in direktoti. Currently (01/09/2008) they claim to have indexed more than 112.8 million blogs around the world, and he said ya there are about 120 thousand blogs are born every day. Then what we need to register there? actually no mendaftarpun our blog will be indexed there, but if we register our blog, then it will further accelerate our blog indexed. Then what does it technorati? if you register on our blog tehnorati and we indexed the blog there will be more known around the world. Then we can also monitor the popularity of our blog, we can find our blog ranking and also can know where the blog wrote a blog link to our blog or any other term reaction.

Then what rank it is necessary? or what our purpose is just for blogging popular? for some people may be indifferent to the rank-or popular-populeran rangkingan, which is important they are busy blogging. But for some people again with the ranking and popularity could spur them to more creative blogging. And also for those who hunt the dollar on the internet, maybe this is very important because a high ranking is likely to affect their blog to approved by the advertiser.
Oh yes I want ya little story, already a month is actually really annoyed me ama technorati: @ what? because since I daftarin blog in (last month) status is still no authoriti my blog yet, but if we blog authoriti status is still no blog yet so we have not fully included in their index, and also the ranking will be far away. After some time I cast a letter to them and I griped-omelin, then I join in their discussion forum and also talks about the troubles it was finally my blog malem get status "Authoriti" and immediately skyrocketed authoritnya be "39": L so for those of you who list and its status is still "no authority yet" kirimin you wrote them a message, and also in their discussion forums you ungkapin permasalahanmu, not just once, keep trying until it works.
We return to our subject, to which the last? : T whoa why so forget it. Yes, it's essentially already aja deh point. For those who want to register prey to it, this site lists http://technorati.com free and easy way really. dah mo yes I sleep again: s: s: s

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